{"id":731,"date":"2023-12-13T14:00:59","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T13:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ajc33.com\/?page_id=731"},"modified":"2023-12-13T14:01:00","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T13:01:00","slug":"hanouka","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ajc33.com\/index.php\/hanouka\/","title":{"rendered":"Hanouka"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La f\u00eate de Hanouka comm\u00e9more la purification du Temple de\u00a0J\u00e9rusalem, apr\u00e8s sa profanation, en l\u2019an 164 avant notre \u00e8re. Le mot\u00a0hanouka\u00a0<\/em>signifie en h\u00e9breu\u00a0: d\u00e9dicace ou inauguration.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elle dure huit jours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origine historique<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Dans la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du deuxi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle avant notre \u00e8re, le roi de Syrie, Antiochus Epiphane, avait profan\u00e9 le Temple de J\u00e9rusalem pour le consacrer \u00e0 Zeus, et interdit le culte juif.  Il s\u2019en \u00e9tait suivi une r\u00e9volte, men\u00e9e par Juda Maccab\u00e9e et ses fr\u00e8res, qui avait abouti \u00e0 la reconqu\u00eate du Temple et \u00e0 sa d\u00e9dicace. C\u2019est ce que relatent les Livres des Maccab\u00e9es, lu aujourd\u2019hui en liturgie chr\u00e9tienne sous le nom du Livre des Martyrs d\u2019Isra\u00ebl<\/em>. (cf. I Macc 4, 36-60)
Judas d\u00e9cida avec ses fr\u00e8res et toute l\u2019assembl\u00e9e d\u2019Isra\u00ebl que les jours de la d\u00e9dicace de l\u2019autel seraient c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9s en leur temps chaque ann\u00e9e pendant huit jours, \u00e0 partir du 25 du mois de Kisleu, avec joie et all\u00e9gresse. \u00bb <\/em>( I Macc 4, 59)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On en retrouve la mention dans le plus vieux document de Halakha<\/em> (loi orale juive), \u00ab le rouleau des<\/em> je\u00fbnes \u00bb<\/em> qui date apparemment de la fin du deuxi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle avant l\u2019\u00e8re chr\u00e9tienne. Et aussi dans l\u2019un des plus anciens textes liturgiques, \u00ab al hanissim \u00bb<\/em> qui \u00e9tait toujours lu pendant les 8 jours de Hanouka aux trois pri\u00e8res quotidiennes, ainsi que dans les b\u00e9n\u00e9dictions apr\u00e8s le repas. Il y est question du miracle de la victoire militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vers la fin du deuxi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle de l\u2019\u00e8re chr\u00e9tienne ou au d\u00e9but du troisi\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, la l\u00e9gende de la fiole d\u2019huile appara\u00eet : \u00ab En p\u00e9n\u00e9trant dans le Temple, les Maccab\u00e9es n\u2019auraient trouv\u00e9 qu\u2019une petite fiole  d\u2019huile portant le sceau du Grand Pr\u00eatre, ce qui ne permettait d\u2019allumer les lumi\u00e8res de la Menorah<\/em> <\/em>(grand chandelier \u00e0 sept branches) que pendant une journ\u00e9e. Or, miraculeusement, cette huile dura les huit jours n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la confection d\u2019une nouvelle provision d\u2019huile sainte. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u2019o\u00f9 le rite de la lumi\u00e8re qui se d\u00e9veloppa et fit mettre l\u2019accent sur le miracle de la Tora qui ne<\/em> passera pas.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le rituel aujourd\u2019hui<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n
\n
\"Bartholdi<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Il consiste \u00e0 allumer chaque jour, pendant les huit jours de la f\u00eate,  une hanoukia <\/em>ou chandelier \u00e0 huit branches, plus une : le Shamash, <\/em>le serviteur. On allume une premi\u00e8re lumi\u00e8re le premier soir, puis deux le second et ainsi de suite jusqu\u2019\u00e0 huit, en pronon\u00e7ant  chaque fois la b\u00e9n\u00e9diction suivante : \u00ab Sois lou\u00e9, \u00c9ternel notre Dieu, roi de l\u2019univers, qui nous a sanctifi\u00e9s par tes commandements et nous a ordonn\u00e9 d\u2019allumer les lampes de Hanouka. \u00bb *
\u00ab Sois lou\u00e9, \u00c9ternel notre Dieu, roi de l\u2019univers, qui a autrefois fait des miracles en faveur de nos anc\u00eatres \u00e0 pareille \u00e9poque \u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La hanoukia<\/em> doit \u00eatre plac\u00e9e sur un rebord de fen\u00eatre, ou de fa\u00e7on \u00e0 \u00eatre visible de l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur. Elle symbolise la victoire de la lumi\u00e8re (de la Tora) sur les t\u00e9n\u00e8bres. C\u2019est pourquoi, tout au long de la f\u00eate, on chante le grand Hallel, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les Ps 113 \u00e0 118. On offre des cadeaux aux enfants et on joue \u00e0 la toupie pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la question : quel grand miracle il y eut l\u00e0-bas, ou ici si on est sur la terre d\u2019Isra\u00ebl ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans le Nouveau Testament<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

On trouve une allusion \u00e0 la f\u00eate de Hanouka dans l\u2019\u00e9vangile de Jean :  \u00bb On c\u00e9l\u00e9brait alors \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem la f\u00eate de la D\u00e9dicace ; c\u2019\u00e9tait l\u2019hiver \u00bb <\/em>(Jn 10, 22)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette f\u00eate se c\u00e9l\u00e8bre toujours en d\u00e9cembre, aux alentours de la f\u00eate de No\u00ebl.  On ne peut donc manquer de faire le rapprochement sur le th\u00e8me de la lumi\u00e8re qui triomphe des t\u00e9n\u00e8bres. \u00ab La lumi\u00e8re brille dans les t\u00e9n\u00e8bres \u00bb <\/em>(Jn1,5)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans une lettre que Colette Kessler <\/em><\/strong>adressait \u00e0 ses amis chr\u00e9tiens en 2005, pour leur souhaiter un joyeux No\u00ebl, elle \u00e9crivait :  [1]<\/a> Avec le Shamash, la bougie serviteur, qui symbolise cette petite fiole d\u2019huile bien cach\u00e9e dans le Temple et qui a dur\u00e9 huit jours, on se souvient de cette victoire des faibles sur les forts, de cette p\u00e9rennit\u00e9 de la Tora de g\u00e9n\u00e9ration en g\u00e9n\u00e9ration, avec ou sans le second Temple \u2026
Le miracle de Hanouka, c\u2019est le miracle de la permanence juive au service de la Tora malgr\u00e9 la profanation ou la destruction du Temple, malgr\u00e9 la dispersion, malgr\u00e9 les pers\u00e9cutions.
<\/em>Le Ness,<\/em><\/strong> le miracle, c\u2019est cette co\u00efncidence dans le temps et l\u2019espace entre le don de Dieu, la Pr\u00e9sence permanente de Dieu pour le salut des hommes, et l\u2019homme qui s\u2019\u00e9veille et r\u00e9pond  \u00e0 cette offre de Dieu. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> KESSLER Colette, Dieu cach\u00e9, Dieu r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9, Essais sur le Juda\u00efsme, Lethielleux, 2011, p. 53-54<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/em>Dans  cette b\u00e9n\u00e9diction comme dans beaucoup d\u2019autres, on remarque le passage de la deuxi\u00e8me personne : \u00ab sois lou\u00e9\u00bb \u00e0 la troisi\u00e8me : \u00ab qui nous a sanctifi\u00e9s \u00bb. Si cette formule grammaticalement incorrecte  a \u00e9t\u00e9 maintenue, c\u2019est que, pour le croyant, Dieu est \u00e0 la fois proche (d\u2019o\u00f9 le \u00ab tu \u00bb) et transcendant (d\u2019o\u00f9 le  \u00ab il )\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/em>  La source de vie : Hanouka<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La f\u00eate de Hanouka comm\u00e9more la purification du Temple de\u00a0J\u00e9rusalem, apr\u00e8s sa profanation, en l\u2019an 164 avant notre \u00e8re. Le mot\u00a0hanouka\u00a0signifie en h\u00e9breu\u00a0: d\u00e9dicace ou inauguration. Elle dure huit jours.… Lire la suite Hanouka<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-731","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","without-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nHanouka - L'amiti\u00e9 Jud\u00e9o-Chr\u00e9tienne de Bordeaux<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ajc33.com\/index.php\/hanouka\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hanouka - L'amiti\u00e9 Jud\u00e9o-Chr\u00e9tienne de Bordeaux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La f\u00eate de Hanouka comm\u00e9more la purification du Temple de\u00a0J\u00e9rusalem, apr\u00e8s sa profanation, en l\u2019an 164 avant notre \u00e8re. 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